Cosmetics manufacturing
Utilizing its natural good adhesion, permeability, emulsification, smoothness and other characteristics, it is widely used in the production of cosmetic products such as creams, lipsticks, rouge, hair oils, eyebrow pencils, eye shadows, bath lotions, and lotions. It is formulated into a variety of medicinal and skin care ointments, plasters, creams, etc., mostly with beeswax as raw materials. [5]
Makeup pencils are made by mixing oil, grease, wax and pigments, and after grinding, they are pressed into refills, sealed in wooden poles, and sharpened with a pencil sharpener when in use. The refill requires moderate hardness, easy drawing, natural and uniform color, good stability, no "sweating", no cracking, no breakage, soft to the skin, no irritation, and good safety. The wax is mainly beeswax.
Pharmaceutical industry
In the pharmaceutical industry, it is widely used in the coating and shell of some tablets and pills, as the base material of ointment and ointment, in the production of Chinese patent medicine encapsulation and pharmaceutical slow-release agents, and can also be used in the manufacture of dental casting wax., Tooth models such as base wax and sticky wax. Nowadays, beeswax is also contained in the rubber film used for implantation of electronic instruments in the human body.
Beeswax is included in the first part of the National Pharmacopoeia, the details are as follows:
This product is the wax secreted by Apiscerawa Fabricius or Apismellifera Linnaeus. The honeycomb is heated in water, filtered, condensed to get wax or refined.
This product is irregular clumps with different sizes. It is yellow, light yellow-brown or yellow-white, opaque or slightly transparent, and has a smooth surface. The body is light, waxy, and the section is sandy, which can be softened by kneading by hand. It has honey-like aroma and slightly sweet taste.
Nature and flavor and return to menstruation: sweet, lukewarm. Return to the spleen channel.
Functions and Indications: Detoxification, astringent sores, muscle growth, pain relief. Externally used for ulcers, ecthyma erosions, traumatic ulcers, burns and scalds.
Usage and Dosage: Appropriate amount for external use, melt and apply the affected area; often used as a medicine excipient and ointment base.
White beeswax is included in the four parts of the National Pharmacopoeia, the details are as follows:
This strain is refined from beeswax (wax of bee secretions) through oxidation and bleaching. Because of the different types of bees, the beeswax secreted by Chinese honeybees is commonly called medium beeswax (acid value 5.0-8.0), and beeswax secreted by western bee species (mainly refers to bees) is commonly called western beeswax (acid value 16.0-23.0).
Category: medicinal excipients, ointment bases and release blockers, etc.
food industry
Beeswax is used as an important material and release agent in the food industry due to its good moldability, detachability, film-forming, waterproof, moisture-proof, and anti-oxidation deterioration. It can be used as food coatings, packaging and outerwear. .
Studies have pointed out that the materials CMC, sodium alginate, CM, beeswax, glycerin, etc. are all edible food additives. Tofu dregs are leftovers for the production of tofu, which can be dried at 65°C and treated with a 120-mesh grinder, which can also be used as raw materials for making edible films. Among paper packaging, edible packaging film is a new material that is completely pollution-free and can provide nutrition to people. Beeswax is added when the above-mentioned raw materials are used to make the film because the lipid has the characteristics of polarity and easy to form a dense molecular network structure, so the formed film is the best among the various materials tested.
Agriculture
In agriculture, beeswax is mainly used for preservation of fruits and vegetables and for feed additives.
Fruit and vegetable preservation
Chen Xiufang and others believe that the edible film coated on the surface of fresh fruits and vegetables can control the breathing intensity of fresh fruits and vegetables and prevent water loss in the fruit and vegetable tissues, thereby extending the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. Edible film, as the name suggests, is a film composed of edible ingredients. Because the harvested fruits and vegetables are still carrying on vigorous life activities, the most typical is its respiration. The respiration process is a process in which fruits and vegetables degrade the stored organic components into simple final products and release energy at the same time. According to the post-harvest physiology and respiration type of the fruit to be kept fresh, a suitable membrane material is selected to make a stable emulsion, and then dipped and sprayed on the surface of the fruit to form a uniform, transparent or translucent three-dimensional Network structure of the film. The microporous channels in the membrane play a role in regulating the gas composition of the fruit microenvironment. The film has a certain degree of hydrophobicity, which can prevent the migration of water inside the fruit.
For some less demanding occasions, beeswax, insect wax, Brazil wax, etc. can also be used as coating agents to apply, so as to achieve the preservation of fruits and vegetables. Yin Qinghong and others used beeswax as a base material and added an appropriate amount of dispersant to prepare a milky coating agent, which is used for preservation and storage of apples and oranges, blocking the pores on the fruit surface, inhibiting respiration, and preventing shrinkage caused by water evaporation Weightlessness, and inhibit microbial invasion, etc.
Feed additives
Zhou Yan, Chen Huiliang, and Xia Xilou conducted a feeding experiment on adding beeswax to meat duck rations. The results indicate that the test group has a certain effect on its average weight gain compared with the control group. Their explanation is that beeswax has the effect of inhibiting and killing the growth of microorganisms, so it reduces the consumption of nutrients, thereby saving various nutrients, keeping the duck body in a healthy state, and giving full play to its growth and other The production potential increases the utilization of nutrients. Beeswax has immunogenicity and mitogenic effects, can stimulate the body to produce antibodies, is conducive to the growth and development of the body, and can improve the body's disease resistance. In addition, beeswax contains 30% triacontanol, which may have a certain growth-promoting effect on meat ducks. Beeswax has no adverse effects on the beneficial microorganisms of the animal body, because after beeswax acts in the intestine, its metabolites are not absorbed by the tissues, and do not remain in meat, eggs, and dairy products. It is a veritable green additive. In addition, beeswax is non-toxic, has a large safety range, has no side effects such as mutagenic, teratogenic, or carcinogenic, and has no adverse effect on the palatability of feed. Therefore, as a feed additive, beeswax can be gradually promoted and applied in the breeding industry.
Other areas
Beeswax is also widely used in candle processing industry, wax painting, batik, printing ink, lost wax casting bronze, painting and calligraphy mounting, etc. Because beeswax is relatively inert, easy to maintain its shape at low temperatures, waterproof, and insect-proof, many handicrafts made of beeswax can be preserved from ancient times to the present. But at present, beeswax is short of resources and expensive, which cannot meet the requirements of the ink industry. Therefore, it is imperative to find a high-quality and low-cost alternative to beeswax. Beeswax can be used for polishing leather, furniture wood, walls or marble products, and can also be used as a cover paint for stringed instruments such as cello and violin. The woodcarver inserts the chisel into the beeswax and uses it, and the chisel and the wood will fit better. Passing the sail and shoe thread through the wax block during sewing can increase its toughness and waterproofness. Now beeswax is still used in dentistry, snowboard waxing, animal cleft hoof treatment, soap making, shaving cream, crayons, cheese waxing, poultry plucking wax, ammunition caps, firearms ball wax, tablet coating, anal suppositories, preparation keys Die, bait, fishing line and other aspects used at the time.
Various types of candles can be made with beeswax as the main raw material. Beeswax is also widely used in the leather industry, oil industry, paper industry, printing industry, electric power industry, electronics industry and candle industry and other fields.
For a long time, wax has been used in printing inks to control its working performance, drying performance, and to improve its scratch resistance. Natural beeswax is used in most printing inks. Beeswax can improve the lifting performance of chromatic ink and prevent peristalsis. But at present, beeswax is short of resources and expensive, which cannot meet the requirements of the ink industry. Therefore, it is imperative to find a high-quality and low-cost alternative to beeswax.
Chinese painting and calligraphy mounting art is a treasure of oriental art, and it has a long history and distinctive features in our country. It is precisely because of the art of painting and calligraphy that the paintings and calligraphy treasures of the past can be preserved for a long time, cherished and enjoyed by the world. Since the main components of beeswax are esters formed by higher fatty acids and higher monohydric alcohols, it has a certain effect on waterproofing and preventing insects. In ancient books, Zhou Jiaxuan's "Decoration History" of the Ming Dynasty and Zhang Yanyuan's "Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties" in the Tang Dynasty both recorded the use of beeswax as the material to mount calligraphy and painting.